hair information is made of a protein called keratin that is produced in hair follicles in the outer layer of the skin. Hair grows everywhere on the human body except for the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, lips, and some other parts of the body. The hair on our heads is what most people think of when they talk about hair. Head hair grows about 1⁄2 inch per month on average. Hair color comes from melanin which hair follicles produce. People can have black, brown, blond, red, or gray hair depending on how much and what type of melanin they have.
There are three stages of hair growth: anagen, catagen, and telogen. Anagen is the active growth phase where hair actively grows each day. This phase can last 2-7 years. Catagen is the transitional phase that signals the end of the active growth stage, which lasts about 2-3 weeks. Telogen is the resting phase when hair stops growing and eventually falls out. At the end of this phase, a new hair follicle begins growing in the same follicle and the cycle starts again. We typically lose 50-100 hairs per day as part of this cycle.
The structure of hair information includes the following:
- Cuticle – the outermost part that protects the inner layers
- Cortex – makes up the bulk of the hair shaft and contains melanin
- Medulla – the soft innermost layer
Hair texture refers to the thickness or coarseness of the hair shaft. There are four main types: straight, wavy, curly, and coily. The shape of the hair follicle determines texture. Curly and coily hair tends to be drier than straight hair and requires extra moisture.
Hair care involves practices like shampooing, conditioning, brushing, scalp massaging, and styling products. Many factors influence hair health such as genetics, medical conditions, hormones, medications, diet, and lifestyle. Some tips for healthy hair include:
- Use a gentle, sulfate-free shampoo and conditioner
- Avoid over-washing which can strip oils
- Use a heat protectant when heat styling
- Handle gently when wet to avoid breakage
- Eat a balanced diet with protein, omega-3s and iron
- Limit chemical treatments and heat styling
- Manage stress and get enough sleep
Following a consistent hair care routine with proper products can help keep hair strong, shiny and looking its best. Consulting a dermatologist or trichologist can also help diagnose and treat any underlying issues causing hair damage or loss.
Hair is made of a protein called keratin and is produced in hair follicles in the outer layer of human skin. Hair serves important functions like protecting the scalp from sunlight and facilitating the evaporation of sweat. The average human has about 100,000 hairs on their head.
Hair texture refers to the thickness or coarseness of each hair strand. There are four main hair types:
- Straight – Each strand has a smooth, oval shape and lies flat. Common in East Asians.
- Wavy – Strands have a slight curve or bend. Common in Caucasians.
- Curly – Strands form an “S”-shaped curl pattern. Common in people of African descent.
- Coily – Tightly coiled, spring-like curls. Also common in African hair.
Hair coloring comes from melanin produced by melanocytes in the hair follicle. The main types are eumelanin which produces brown and black hair, and pheomelanin which produces red hair. Gray hair occurs when melanin production decreases with age.
Hair goes through a growth cycle with three main phases:
- Anagen – Active growth phase that lasts 2-7 years. Hair grows about 1⁄2 inch per month.
- Catagen – Transitional phase marking the end of growth. Lasts 2-3 weeks.
- Telogen – Resting phase when hair stops growing and eventually sheds. Lasts 2-3 months.
Most hair loss is a normal shedding of 50-100 hairs per day. Excessive loss can be caused by stress, illnesses, medications, hormones, or conditions like male/female pattern baldness. Hair care tips:
- Shampoo less often and use gentle, sulfate-free products.
- Condition regularly, focusing on ends.
- Allow hair to air dry when possible to prevent damage from heating tools.
- Avoid tight hairstyles that pull on the scalp.
- Use heat protectant sprays and limit the use of hot styling tools.
- Handle gently when wet and brush with a wide-tooth comb.
- Eat a balanced diet with protein, iron, zinc, vitamin C and omega-3s.
- Take biotin supplements for hair growth.
- Manage stress and get adequate sleep.
Seeing a dermatologist can help determine the underlying causes of excessive shedding or thinning hair. With proper care, most people can maintain healthy, beautiful hair throughout life.
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